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Francis Jean Gaston Alfred Ponge (27 March 1899 – 6 August 1988) was a French essayist and poet. Influenced by surrealism, he developed a form of prose poem, minutely examining everyday objects. He was the third recipient of the Neustadt International Prize for Literature in 1974. ==Life== Ponge was born into a Protestant family in Montpellier in the South of France, the son of Armand Ponge, a banker, and his wife Juliette, ''née'' Saurel.〔("Francis Ponge" ), ''Contemporary Authors Online'', Thomson Gale, 2007, accessed 29 February 2012 〕 He studied in Paris at the Sorbonne and the École de droit where he read law,〔 In 1918–19 he served in the French army. In 1919 he joined the Socialist Party.〔 Ponge worked for the Parisian publishing companies Editions Gallimard (1923–31) and Hachette (1931–37), and before the outbreak of the Second World War he was briefly an insurance salesman.〔 His earliest poems were published in 1923,〔("Obituary – M. Francis Ponge" ), ''The Times'', 11 August 1988〕 and he established a reputation in French literary circles, principally for his contributions to the ''Nouvelle Revue Français''.〔("Francis Ponge" ), Green Integer, accessed 29 December 2011〕 The editor of the publication, Jean Paulhan, became Ponge's mentor, and remained so for many years. Their correspondence continued until Paulhan's death in 1968.〔Fawcett, Peter. "Greatness through method", ''The Times Literary Supplement'', 26 December 1986, p. 1440〕 During the 1930s Ponge was for a short while associated with the Surrealist movement, influenced by which he joined the Communist Party in 1937.〔 During the Second World War, Ponge joined the French Resistance.〔 He also worked for the National Committee of Journalists, 1942–44 and was literary and artistic director of the communist weekly ''L'Action'' 1944–46.〔 He left the Communist Party in 1947.〔Dunstan Martin, Graham ("Ponge, Francis" ), ''The New Oxford Companion to Literature in French'', ed. Peter France. Oxford University Press 1995, Oxford Reference Online, accessed 29 February 2012 〕 From 1952 to 1965 he held a professorship at the Alliance française in Paris.〔 in 1966 and 1967 he was a visiting professor at Barnard College and Columbia University in the US.〔 In his later years Ponge was a recluse, living at his country house. He died in Le Bar-sur-Loup at the age of 89.〔 Awards made to Ponge included the Neustadt International Prize for Literature (1974),〔 the Académie française's French National Poetry Prize (1981),〔 and the Grand prix of the Société des gens de lettres (1985).〔 He was a Commandeur of the Légion d'honneur (1983).〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Francis Ponge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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